{"id":741,"date":"2026-08-31T10:26:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T10:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frontierhousingreport.com\/?p=741"},"modified":"2026-08-31T10:26:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T10:26:01","slug":"what-america-did-to-me-is-wrong-inside-one-of-the-largest-third-country-removal-flights-so-far","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/frontierhousingreport.com\/?p=741","title":{"rendered":"\u2018What America Did to Me Is Wrong\u2019: Inside One of the Largest Third-Country Removal Flights So Far"},"content":{"rendered":"
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For the first few hours of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement flight over the Atlantic Ocean, Mohamed Barry continued to act like himself, which is to say, he expected to be visible to the people around him.<\/p>\n

Read more Big Tech Crashes Headlong Into American Democracy<\/a><\/p>\n

So as GEO Group flight security guards stood over him and the other shackled passengers, chatting casually with each other, he asked them what country he was going to be deported to. They didn\u2019t answer.<\/p>\n

When the guards started drinking from red and blue plastic cups and the smell of alcohol wafted over to his seat, he asked one of them point-blank, \u201cAre you guys allowed to drink on the job?\u201d No response.<\/p>\n

More from Gillian Brockell<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Then a man from Eritrea or Somalia, Barry isn\u2019t sure which, began to beg the guards to let him use the lavatory. Barry chimed in with an appeal to decency, telling the guards, \u201cPlease consider us as human beings.\u201d But the guards were boisterous by that point, he said, and they didn\u2019t appreciate the man\u2019s increasingly loud and desperate pleas crashing their party.<\/p>\n

Barry watched as a guard turned and looked at the man dead in the face and said, \u201cYou. Can pee on. You.\u201d Another guard laughed.<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter seeing that, I just kept my head down,\u201d Barry, 52, told me over the phone last week.<\/p>\n

Barry was among an estimated 71 people expelled to countries where they had no ties on a July 31 Immigration and Customs Enforcement flight\u2014more than any other known third-country removal flight to Africa. On the 26-hour flight, which made stops in Sierra Leone, the Central African Republic, and Ghana, Barry and other passengers say ICE-contracted guards subjected them to verbal and physical abuse, tied at least two of them in full-body straitjackets, and refused to let them use the lavatory. Barry also said he witnessed an ICE agent tell a foreign official to return them to their countries of origin, despite all having protection orders barring this\u2014a practice called chain refoulement that is illegal under U.S. and international law.<\/p>\n

ICE and GEO Group did not respond to a detailed list of questions about the allegations in this story. A Department of Homeland Security representative who did not identify themselves also did not answer the questions but replied with an unrelated line they\u2019ve sent for two other recent stories: \u201cFor operational security purposes, we would never confirm the location of an airplane.\u201d<\/p>\n

A native of Guinea who had been in the United States for 25 years and has five U.S. citizen children, Barry is now in hiding in another West African country, with no ID and a waning supply of his heart medication.<\/p>\n

\u201cTo be honest, my life is completely upside down,\u201d he said. \u201cI think what America did to me is wrong.\u201d<\/p>\n

I FIRST HEARD ABOUT THIS FLIGHT<\/strong> on July 29, a day before it took off on July 30, from immigration attorney Keith Hilzendeger, whose client, a 19-year-old asylum seeker from Nepal, had been told he was going to be removed to the Central African Republic, an isolated and impoverished country that has been in a near-constant state of civil war for more than a decade. A motion for a temporary stay had just been denied, Hilzendeger told me, but he\u2019d filed an appeal. Could I scan public flight data and see if any ICE charter planes were near the Dallas-area ICE camp where his client had been moved a few days earlier?<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, there was one, an Eastern Airlines Boeing 767 parked at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport. For at least a decade, the only large-jet charter airline that would do ICE removals to Africa was Omni Air International, but flight data shows its ICE activity dropped off earlier this summer, about the same time that its parent company\u2014private equity firm Stonepeak\u2014started getting some bad press that could have affected its bottom line. Eastern seemed poised to take over this corner of ICE\u2019s route map, having done its first Africa ICE flight two months earlier.<\/p>\n

The morning after the message from Hilzendeger, the plane was still parked in Fort Worth. But late that afternoon, I got another message, this time from an activist trying to help someone who\u2019d been told they would be sent to Ghana. Had I seen any ICE planes in the Dallas area?<\/p>\n

Just after 5 p.m. Texas time, Hilzendeger told me his appeal had been rejected. The plane took off about 40 minutes later.<\/p>\n

Few of the other passengers on board had any idea where they would end up. Aristides Fernandez Garcia, a 37-year-old Cuban asylum seeker who spoke to Memo Torres at L.A. Taco earlier this month, said he and five other men from Cuba, Ecuador, and Honduras didn\u2019t even know they were going to the continent of Africa until the end of the boarding process, when an armed guard saw them and asked, \u201cWhat are you doing on this flight? They don\u2019t sell baleadas [thick tortillas] in Africa.\u201d They thought he was joking.<\/p>\n

Ten third-country nationals from West African countries would end up in Sierra Leone, and another 30 would end up in Ghana. Everyone else was forced off the plane in the Central African Republic. That includes men and women from Cameroon, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nepal, Russia, Somalia, Serbia, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam, along with the men from Cuba, Ecuador, and Honduras, according to Third Country Deportation Watch.<\/p>\n

Barry had known ICE planned to send him to a third country from the moment he was captured outside his home in Brownsburg, Indiana, on July 1, because the Border Patrol agents who handcuffed him told him so. But in the month he\u2019d been detained, no one ever told him which<\/em> country. He never saw a judge, he said, and every time he scheduled an appointment with his attorney, he\u2019d be moved to a camp in another state.<\/p>\n

Hiding detainees from legal counsel appears to be one of the purposes of ICE\u2019s ever-expanding network of charter planes, prison buses, and rented vehicles, as the Prospect<\/em> reported last October.<\/p>\n

\u201cEvery person held in ICE custody has a right to talk to their lawyer. However, actually having that right work in practice can be difficult,\u201d says Aaron Reichlin-Melnick of the American Immigration Council. \u201cScheduling appointments at detention centers can take multiple days, and when ICE has the ability to bounce people from one place to another in a matter of hours, that can make it practically impossible.\u201d<\/p>\n

Barry came to the United States in 2001 in his mid-twenties, fleeing persecution in Guinea due to his political affiliation. His asylum claim was eventually rejected\u2014he told me this was only due to his paperwork being incomplete because the Guinean government refused to issue identification for him\u2014but in 2007, he was granted the next best thing: a withholding of removal order. This meant he\u2019d proven he was a refugee and could not be deported to his country of origin. Back then, that also meant that he wouldn\u2019t be deported at all.<\/p>\n

Though the order did not give Barry a path to citizenship, it did allow him to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely. \u201cThe judge said, \u2018Mr. Barry, this can guarantee you being in America. As long as you don\u2019t commit a crime, you can stay here,\u2019\u201d he remembered.<\/p>\n

In his 25 years in the U.S., Barry told me he never got so much as a parking or speeding ticket, a notable achievement considering he became a commercial truck driver. He married in 2004 while his case was still pending, and he and his wife eventually had five children together. Their youngest, a daughter, is nine years old. <\/p>\n

In April, Indiana revoked the commercial driver\u2019s licenses of all immigrants with anything less than a green card, and Barry\u2019s longtime employer was forced to let him go. Heart and kidney problems he\u2019d been dealing with for a while suddenly got worse. His doctor had upped his medications and was still watching him closely, running tests, trying to figure out what was wrong, when Border Patrol pulled him over early one morning as he drove away from his house toward his temp job.<\/p>\n

As the agents drove him to the Clay County Sheriff\u2019s Office, he remembered one of them telling him, \u201cI know it\u2019s not right. I know you\u2019ve been here a long time, but I have to do this.\u201d<\/p>\n

Read more Vets for AI<\/a><\/p>\n

MY CALL WITH BARRY LASTED<\/strong> for about an hour and a half, but in that time I was impressed by his remarkable and detailed memory. As he relayed the story of his life and its sudden turn for the worse, whenever he introduced a new name, he would stop to spell it out. He remembered the make and model of every vehicle that transported him from one ICE camp to another over the next four weeks, every charter airline he was shackled and loaded onto, and the number of people on board.<\/p>\n

It is nearly impossible to fact-check or corroborate someone\u2019s account of their removal flight. ICE doesn\u2019t volunteer this information. Deportees who shared a flight and little else can be difficult to track down. And often, memories are blurry from the trauma of it all.<\/p>\n

Not so with Barry. His memories were horrifyingly clear, and the few things he told me that I could independently verify, like the nationalities of most of the other passengers, checked out.<\/p>\n

So this is what he said happened on his removal flight, as it made its way from Fort Worth to its final destination in Ghana:<\/p>\n

A Vietnamese man was beaten on the tarmac in Fort Worth when he refused to get on the plane. Another man, who was shouting, \u201cThis is not right!\u201d and \u201cpolitical things\u201d during the flight, was knocked against his seat, dragged to the back of the plane, and put into the full-body straitjacket known as \u201cthe WRAP.\u201d Guards stood over him and laughed. He doesn\u2019t know when the man was let out of the WRAP, but he saw that he was back in his shackles by the time they got to Ghana. (All adult passengers on ICE flights are shackled and the ankles and wrists tied to a waist chain.)<\/p>\n

Most of the guards were drinking alcohol from red and blue cups and laughing at the detainees. (Another passenger on the flight who did not want to be identified confirmed this.) If anyone stood up to use the lavatory, the guards swarmed them and shouted at them, \u201cGet down now!\u201d An older guard who was not drinking said this was going to be his last ICE flight, because he was going to quit.<\/p>\n

The flight medic was repeatedly summoned to check on a man from Maryland, who had gotten a concussion a few days earlier when the driver of an ICE vehicle braked suddenly. The man kept passing out. He was shaking uncontrollably and saying his head hurt. The flight medic told him there wasn\u2019t much he could do.<\/p>\n

At the stop in Sierra Leone, a Sierra Leonean man tried to disembark, but he was told no, he had withholding of removal, so he had to transit through Ghana\u2014meaning he had to stay shackled on the plane for ten more hours.<\/p>\n

Two of the women in the Ghana group were also from Maryland; one said she was a nurse who had been in the U.S. for 25 years, and that ICE took her in front of her kids. Another woman said ICE got her at the airport as she was boarding a flight to go to her son\u2019s graduation from a military academy.<\/p>\n

They arrived in Ghana late at night, and 30 of them were put onto two or three buses. There was an argument between the ICE agents and Ghanaian military officials over paperwork, and Barry heard an ICE agent yell, \u201cWe don\u2019t go by your list.\u201d<\/p>\n

A Ghanaian official came onto the bus and said, \u201cWho\u2019s in here that\u2019s going to Nigeria?\u201d The Nigerians, who all had withholding of removal or similar protections, were taken to a plane waiting to fly them to Nigeria. Then they did the same for people from the Ivory Coast.<\/p>\n

There were 12 left, eight men and four women. Before the ICE agent left, Barry told me he heard the man say, \u201cTake them all to their home countries.\u201d<\/p>\n

Now this is important, and I asked Barry a few times if he was sure. It is illegal for the U.S. government to deport someone to a country if they know the person will just be sent to another country where they may face persecution. This is chain refoulement, and much of the Trump administration\u2019s third-country removal system hinges on them being able to claim that third countries promised not to chain refoule, and then pretending they aren\u2019t aware of all the evidence to the contrary.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs described, that would be unlawful,\u201d Reichlin-Melnick from the American Immigration Council said when I told him about this. \u201cWhat that interaction does is it pierces the veil of legal fictions that ICE is engaged in.\u201d ICE and the State Department have repeatedly claimed that third countries have sworn in writing to not send anyone back to somewhere where they would be persecuted or tortured. \u201cWhat that shows in practice is that the United States knows those assurances aren\u2019t worth the paper they\u2019re printed on, and that the U.S. government and ICE in particular is actively engaged in chain refoulement through the means of intermediaries,\u201d Reichlin-Melnick said.<\/p>\n

The remaining 12 were taken to Kingsbridge Royale Hotel, where they were imprisoned under armed guard. Barry told me the names (and spelling) of the officers who brought them food and could be bribed into getting them cellphones, but I\u2019m not repeating them here because people sent to Ghana in the future may need officers who bring them food and can be bribed into getting them cellphones. All of the officers, even the helpful ones, made it clear that the prisoners were not welcome to stay, Barry said.<\/p>\n

After three days, he agreed to go back to Guinea. On the flight, he was given a temporary travel document that he doesn\u2019t think was legitimate, which he took a picture of before it was taken from him on arrival. Through a friend of a friend, he\u2019d arranged to be picked up by someone who took him to a safe house for a few hours. Close to dawn, someone drove him to the border, where he bribed his way into another country.<\/p>\n

When I talked to him last week, he was sleeping on a pile of cardboard boxes in a shop whose owner let him stay there at night. He had acquired a blanket and used his sneakers as a pillow. ICE never got his medications right, but they did give him a couple of weeks\u2019 worth of at least some of them when he got off the plane. He\u2019s taking half as much as he\u2019s supposed to every day, while he tries to figure out how to get a prescription without any ID. When he went silent for a few days, I got worried, but friends back in Indiana let me know he was OK, he just didn\u2019t have that phone anymore.<\/p>\n

Barry doesn\u2019t know where to go from here. The country he\u2019s in is unfamiliar, and he\u2019s not authorized to be there. If he goes back to Guinea, he\u2019s certain he\u2019ll be imprisoned and tortured. And he still has a mortgage to pay on the family home he can\u2019t go home to.<\/p>\n

\u201cI can\u2019t tell you how heartbroken I am leaving my younger girls,\u201d Barry told me. \u201cI\u2019m the one who takes them to the bus stop.\u201d<\/p>\n

HILZENDEGER, THE ATTORNEY<\/strong> who first told me about the flight, hasn\u2019t heard from his Nepalese client since he arrived in Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, a month ago. His client doesn\u2019t speak any English\u2014the entire 18 months he spent in the U.S., he was in ICE camps\u2014or, presumably, French, the lingua franca in Bangui.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m afraid of him being refouled to Nepal. I\u2019m afraid how the government in CAR might treat him,\u201d Hilzendeger says.<\/p>\n

Eastern Airlines has continued its expansion into Africa. On August 19, an Eastern jet delivered 20 people from all over the world to Liberia, which I wrote about for the Prospect<\/em>. When five people refused to leave the plane, it flew to Equatorial Guinea, where they were forced off of it. They are now imprisoned in a hotel owned by that country\u2019s dictator with dozens of other third-country nationals.<\/p>\n

On August 27, an Eastern jet made third-country removal stops in Eswatini, Burundi, and Rwanda. The next day, another Eastern jet took off from Fort Worth, headed for Africa.<\/p>\n

Read more The Battle Over Mail-In Ballots<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


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