{"id":232,"date":"2026-06-16T10:38:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T10:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frontierhousingreport.com\/?p=232"},"modified":"2026-06-16T10:38:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T10:38:50","slug":"california-town-lets-private-ice-detention-centers-police-themselves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/frontierhousingreport.com\/?p=232","title":{"rendered":"California Town Lets Private ICE Detention Centers Police Themselves"},"content":{"rendered":"
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This article was produced by Capital & Main, an award-winning publication that reports from California on economic, political, and social issues. It is co-published here with permission.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Two years ago, immigration attorney Mario Valenzuela visited a client at the Golden State Annex, a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention center operated by the private prison giant The GEO Group Inc. in the small agricultural town of McFarland in California\u2019s San Joaquin Valley.<\/p>\n

Valenzuela\u2019s client had a black eye and bruises on his body, he said. The client told Valenzuela that he\u2019d been surrounded and beaten by seven or eight fellow detainees in the detention center\u2019s recreation yard and was taken to a hospital emergency room. His client, who didn\u2019t authorize his attorney to give his name, wanted to report the assault to the police, Valenzuela said.<\/p>\n

But Valenzuela told Capital & Main that when he contacted the McFarland Police Department on his client\u2019s behalf, a department supervisor told him the department didn\u2019t respond to calls for service at the detention center.<\/p>\n

More from Capital & Main<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The lack of response was no oversight. According to McFarland police officials and records, the department does not respond to calls at Golden State Annex or at a second ICE facility in the city, Central Valley Annex, which is also operated by The GEO Group.<\/p>\n

In fact, a 2024 memorandum of understanding between the city of McFarland and the GEO Group gives GEO\u2019s civilian administrators responsibility for specific law enforcement duties at its facilities. GEO staff is responsible for detaining people \u201csuspected of violating the law\u201d at the facilities and processing \u201cevidence obtained from an arrest, including but not limited to weapons, narcotics and currency,\u201d even though GEO administrators are not sworn police officers. If GEO needs McFarland Police Department to assist in \u201cother than critical incidents\u201d at the detention center, GEO must reimburse the department for the officers\u2019 pay and overtime.<\/p>\n

The GEO Group is also responsible for investigating sexual abuse and assault allegations at the facility, according to the agreement.<\/p>\n

Kyle Virgien, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU\u2019s National Prison Project, who reviewed the agreement, said it \u201cis troubling to let GEO Group investigate itself in that way.\u201d The agreement, he said, is \u201cset up so that if an employee of GEO Group is accused of sexual assault, GEO investigates it, and the local police department doesn\u2019t.\u201d<\/p>\n

Niels Frenzen, a professor at the University of Southern California\u2019s Gould School of Law, said the apparent handover of police powers to civilian employees of the GEO Group has \u201cno basis\u201d in state law.<\/p>\n

The arrangement between GEO and the city\u2014and allegations of abuse raised by attorneys and a former detainee who claimed she was sexually assaulted inside Golden State Annex\u2014raise questions about whether potential crimes committed in McFarland detention centers go unreported, uninvestigated and unpunished.<\/p>\n

The majority of ICE detainees are housed in private facilities in dozens of cities across the country. It is unclear whether other cities have made similar agreements that cede some police authority to private prison operators.<\/p>\n

\u201cPrivate prison companies have a strong financial incentive to make it appear as though nothing is going wrong in private prisons,\u201d Virgien said. \u201cSo it\u2019s definitely worrisome when the government decides not to investigate, because it\u2019s likely that a private prison company will do what it can to avoid finding that it did something wrong.\u201d<\/p>\n

McFarland Mayor Saul Ayon, a former Kern County sheriff\u2019s deputy who is running for the 35th District seat in the California Assembly, didn\u2019t respond to Capital & Main\u2019s repeated requests to answer questions about the purpose of the agreement and its legal basis. McFarland police Chief Adrian Olmos didn\u2019t respond to a phone call from Capital & Main.<\/p>\n

Nina Sheridan, a spokesperson for California Attorney General Rob Bonta, said in an email that the office could not provide \u201clegal advice or analysis\u201d of the McFarland agreement. Asked if the office was investigating the city\u2019s arrangement with GEO Group, Sheridan said, \u201cWe are also unable to comment on, even to confirm or deny, potential or ongoing investigations.\u201d<\/p>\n

GEO Group spokesman Chris Ferreira didn\u2019t answer specific questions about the agreement, including whether GEO officers were trained to carry out police duties or whether the agreement allowed the private prison firm to investigate itself. But Ferreira said in an email that the company is \u201cproud\u201d of its work \u201csupporting the law enforcement mission of ICE.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2024, at least one case in which a detainee alleged sexual abuse also went unreported to law enforcement. Loba Mendez, now 30, reported that GEO guards sexually abused her at Golden State Annex. In a complaint filed with the Department of Homeland Security Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, the DHS Inspector General and the agency\u2019s Office of Immigration Detention Ombudsman, her attorneys said that during routine pat-down searches \u201cmale staff would spread her [Mendez\u2019s] legs open, pin her against the wall and rub her breasts, groin, inner thighs and buttocks in an aggressive and sexual manner.\u201d<\/p>\n

MENDEZ, WHO REPORTED THAT GEO STAFF<\/strong> harassed and mocked her because she is transgender, said she also filed internal grievances and complaints under the Prison Rape Elimination Act, a federal law that requires prisons, including private prisons, to maintain procedures for preventing and reporting sexual abuse and sexual assault.<\/p>\n

But Mendez said in an interview that no one in law enforcement ever contacted her, even though ICE detention standards require sexual abuse and assault allegations that are potentially criminal to be reported to law enforcement and for law enforcement to investigate the allegations.<\/p>\n

\u201cThings are really difficult,\u201d Mendez told Capital & Main, \u201cespecially when no one from the community can come in and really oversee the situation.\u201d<\/p>\n

Virgien said the city\u2019s hands-off arrangement with prison operators is a cause for concern because conditions inside detention centers have worsened since President Donald Trump\u2019s second term began.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe city\u2019s decision to cede police functions to the prison company is worrying because of GEO Group\u2019s human rights track record,\u201d Virgien said. \u201cIt\u2019s certainly concerning that this private for-profit company with a history of problems at its facilities is being given any law enforcement authority.\u201d<\/p>\n

Advocates like Virgien said as conditions inside detention centers have deteriorated, detention oversight has been gutted, and it has become more difficult to report poor treatment and inhumane conditions. Last year, the Trump administration laid off more than 70% of the staff at the Department of Homeland Security\u2019s Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Office. In May, it eliminated the Office of Immigration Detention Ombudsman altogether. Several members of Congress, who are legally entitled to visit ICE facilities without notice, have been denied access to detention centers, including those in New York, California, New Jersey and Illinois, since Trump\u2019s second term began. A federal court ruled against the administration\u2019s attempts to require congressmembers to provide advance notice of their visits.<\/p>\n

More than 60,000 detainees were held in 200 facilities in the U.S. as of March 2026.<\/p>\n

Florida-based GEO Group is the nation\u2019s largest private prison firm. Both GEO and its closest competitor, CoreCivic, the second-largest such company, face numerous lawsuits by detainees and their family members alleging wrongful death, , forced labor and unsafe and unsanitary living conditions in their detention centers.<\/p>\n

The GEO Group\u2019s Ferreira said in a statement, \u201cGEO mandates zero tolerance towards all forms of sexual abuse and sexual harassment in all its facilities,\u201d adding that the company is \u201ccontractually required\u201d to follow U.S. Department of Homeland Security Prison Rape Elimination Act regulations and ICE detention standards.<\/p>\n

ICE spokesperson Jason Sweeney did not answer Capital & Main\u2019s questions about the McFarland agreement but sent a statement saying that ICE detention centers follow national standards, \u201cwhich establish requirements for the safe, secure, and humane custody of individuals in civil immigration proceedings.\u201d<\/p>\n

The statement also said that \u201cbeing in detention is a choice\u201d and that \u201cthe United States is offering illegal aliens $2,600 and a free flight to self-deport now.\u201d<\/p>\n

ICE require Golden State Annex, and all detention centers, to \u201censure that each allegation of sexual abuse or assault is investigated by an appropriate criminal or administrative investigative entity.\u201d<\/p>\n

MENDEZ SAID SHE ENDURED ABUSIVE<\/strong> pat-down searches for three months until GEO administrators agreed to allow a female staff member to conduct searches, according to her 2024 complaint to the DHS Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. The complaint further alleged that in retaliation for filing grievances and complaints, GEO staff placed Mendez in solitary confinement for 24 days. She said she had insufficient drinking water and that the water supply to her toilet was shut off.<\/p>\n

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\u201cI had to eat and sleep with the smell of urine and feces,\u201d Mendez told Capital & Main, because guards would delay turning on the water to flush the toilet.<\/p>\n

In solitary, she said she would receive visits from a high-ranking GEO staff member who made sexually suggestive gestures while asking what she was willing to do to return to the general prison population. She said she felt threatened because he would sometimes unbuckle his belt out of view of the detention center cameras. She said she didn\u2019t formally report the harassment because she feared further retaliation.<\/p>\n

In response to Capital & Main\u2019s specific questions about allegations of sexual abuse and retaliation at Golden State Annex, Sweeney, the ICE spokesperson, said, \u201cWe are looking into the claims in your email,\u201d but didn\u2019t provide further information to Capital & Main after several requests to do so.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs it relates to allegations regarding retaliation, GEO has a zero-tolerance policy with respect to staff misconduct,\u201d Ferreira said. The company\u2019s grievance process \u201cis grounded in accessibility, confidentiality, fairness, objectivity and integrity, without fear of retaliation,\u201d Ferreira added.<\/p>\n

AFTER VALENZUELA\u2019S UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT<\/strong> to report his client\u2019s assault to McFarland police, he filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Justice\u2019s Civil Rights Division via an online portal but said he received no response. A report to the FBI tip line also went unanswered, he said.<\/p>\n

The Department of Justice press office didn\u2019t respond to Capital & Main\u2019s inquiries about the reports.<\/p>\n

Valenzuela said he also received no response after making emailed reports to ICE.<\/p>\n

He added that a GEO Group representative sent him a message saying the company was investigating his claim, but Valenzuela said he received no further communication from GEO. \u201cIt was an abusive assault and the person did suffer injuries,\u201d he said. But, he added, \u201cNobody ever came and took a report from my client.\u201d<\/p>\n

Neither Ferreira nor Sweeney answered Capital & Main\u2019s questions about Valenzuela\u2019s attempts to report the alleged assault on his client.<\/p>\n

Valenzuela said his inability to report the assault could have deprived his client of his right to apply for temporary legal status in the U.S. under the federal Victims of Trafficking and Violent Crimes Act. Under the 26-year-old law, some crime victims are allowed to remain in the U.S. to cooperate in the prosecution of alleged perpetrators. But \u201cyou need law enforcement\u201d to take a police report, Valenzuela said. If not, he said, \u201cyou\u2019re screwed.\u201d Valenzuela said he eventually stopped trying to report the assault to authorities because his client had other grounds to apply to remain in the country under the trafficking victims law.<\/p>\n

HELIODORO MORENO, A CONTRA COSTA COUNTY<\/strong> public defender, said the McFarland Police Department also rebuffed him when he attempted in 2024 to report a crime against a client at Golden State Annex. He told Capital & Main that he didn\u2019t have his client\u2019s authorization to identify him or to discuss the incident, but added that if detainees can\u2019t report crime to law enforcement, \u201cit has people wondering who they can report incidents to.\u201d<\/p>\n

In response to two separate California Public Records Act requests, McFarland Police Department communications records supervisor Sylvia Tafoya told Capital & Main, \u201cThe McFarland Police Department does not respond to calls for service within the GEO Group facility.\u201d<\/p>\n

Still, the city\u2019s agreement with GEO says that local police will respond to \u201cinstitutional emergencies and critical incidents\u201d but does not define them.<\/p>\n

Capital & Main requested records such as McFarland Police Department requests for reimbursement for officers\u2019 time or booking fees, records of Miranda warnings or requests by GEO that the police department conduct searches or criminal history reports. Tafoya said that there were none because the local police department doesn\u2019t respond to calls for service at the detention center.<\/p>\n

Tafoya said that when GEO staff report a sexual abuse incident or assault, \u201cper our MOU, we provide them with an incident number when a PREA [Prison Rape Elimination Act] incident has occurred in their facility.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tafoya provided reports of four sexual abuse cases and one case of either sexual abuse or assault at Golden State Annex in 2024 and 2025. She reported that eight 911 calls came from the detention center in 2025.<\/p>\n

Tafoya also provided a copy of the agreement between GEO and McFarland in response to the request.<\/p>\n

When Capital & Main made an additional public records request for more information about the incidents, Tafoya again said in her written response that the department does not \u201crespond to calls for service within the GEO Group facilities and as such, does not have the information requested.\u201d<\/p>\n

The agreement between the City of McFarland and GEO Group is based on a section of the California Penal Code that says that some prison guards can be considered \u201cpeace officers.\u201d<\/p>\n

But that provision, known as Section 830.5, doesn\u2019t cover GEO employees, said Jana Sanford-Miller, spokesperson for the California Board of State and Community Corrections, which makes rules and sets training standards for correctional officers. \u201cPC 830.5 does not apply to private prisons,\u201d Sanford-Miller said in an email. \u201cThe \u2018correctional\u2019 staff referenced in 830.5 must work for CDCR,\u201d she said, referring to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, which operates the state prison system.<\/p>\n

City records obtained through a public records request showed that in addition to paying for nonemergency police services performed at the detention centers, GEO also agreed to pay the city a maximum of more than $600,000 per year to offset the facilities\u2019 effects on police, fire and other city services. GEO also contributed to the city with the $1 sale of a seven-acre parcel of land that McFarland plans to use for a new police station, according to Bakersfield TV station ABC23.<\/p>\n

Other local police departments have also reportedly failed to respond to reports of criminal activity inside detention centers.<\/p>\n

The nonprofit news outlet CalMatters reported in March that in the last year, the San Diego County Sheriff\u2019s Department failed to investigate seven rape allegations at the Otay Mesa Detention Center, which CoreCivic operates for ICE.<\/p>\n

In October 2025, the chief of the Tacoma Police Department in Washington pledged to treat calls for service from GEO Group\u2019s massive Northwest ICE Processing Center as it would any others in the city. The commitment came after the University of Washington Center for Human Rights exposed the department\u2019s failure to investigate assaults in a 2025 report. The report found that 157 assaults were reported at the detention center between 2015 and 2025. Only two of those cases\u2014in which GEO staff were victims\u2014were prosecuted.<\/p>\n

Mendez spent two years in detention before she finally abandoned her legal case to remain in the United States and returned to El Salvador earlier this year. She said she had feared returning because of bias against LGBTQ people.<\/p>\n

In May 2025, the Department of Homeland Security launched an aggressive effort to promote so-called \u201cself-deportation.\u201d The ACLU\u2019s Virgien said he thinks the inhumane conditions Mendez and others described are a means to convince detainees to do so, adding: \u201cThe cruelty is the point.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mendez, who has reunited with family members and remained safe since her return, said detention conditions had become unbearable.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt wasn\u2019t a meal of steak and lobster I was demanding. It was just to be treated as a human being,\u201d Mendez said.<\/p>\n

Read more Blues for ActBlue<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


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